Do you wonder what virtue is? … or are passionate about greek philosophy? Well, that might interest you. Aristotle, one of the most influential philosophers in history, left a legacy that still resonates today. A key concept in Aristotle’s philosophy is virtue, and how it relates to a good and happy life. But what does being virtuous mean according to Aristotle? In this article, we’ll explore how Aristotle understood virtue, as well as its importance, and how we can apply his teachings in modern life.
Aristotle’s context: what is virtue?
For Aristotle, virtue isn’t just an abstract moral quality; it’s a daily practice that requires balance and moderation. Virtue lies in the golden mean between two extremes: excess and deficiency. For example, courage is a virtue that lies between recklessness (excess) and cowardice (deficiency). This concept is known as the doctrine of the mean.
Aristotle argues that virtue isn’t innate but acquired through practice and the repetition of good deeds. In his work Nicomachean Ethics, he emphasizes that in order to be virtuous, we must act according to reason and in harmony with our nature. Here is where the concept of eudaimonia, often translated as happiness or human flourishing, comes into play. Eudaimonia is the ultimate goal of life and is achieved through the consistent practice of virtue.
Self-love and virtue: enlightened selfishness
Aristotle introduces an interesting concept called philautia, which can be translated as self-love. At first glance, this might seem like an invitation to selfishness, but in Aristotelian thought, it has a more nuanced meaning. For Aristotle, self-love isn’t synonymous with narcissistic selfishness; rather, it refers to a kind of enlightened selfishness. A virtuous person who truly loves themselves seeks the best not only for themselves but also for others, because they understand that their well-being is intrinsically linked to the well-being of the community.
This self-love is closely tied to the concept of justice. A just person seeks not only their own good but also the good of others, and in doing so, becomes a model of virtue for society. Aristotle asserts that the virtuous life is the most desirable and, ultimately, the most beneficial for both the individual and the community.
The importance of community
Aristotle sees humans as political animals. This means we cannot fully realize our humanity outside the political community or polis. Virtue and politics are interconnected because politics is the science concerned with the common good and, therefore, human flourishing. According to Aristotle, the ultimate goal of the state is to promote virtue among its citizens and thus achieve a good life.
This political approach to virtue is crucial because it highlights the idea that we cannot be fully virtuous in isolation. Virtue is developed and tested in interaction with others. Community life provides us with opportunities to practice justice, generosity, courage, and other virtues.
Ethics in everyday life: applying virtues
One of the most notable features of Aristotle’s thought is its practical approach. For him, ethics isn’t a theoretical discipline but a guide for daily life. Virtue is learned by observing virtuous people and emulating their actions. In other words, we learn to be courageous by observing courageous people and acting courageously ourselves. Probably, at some point in your life, you have felt encouraged by a close person.
Aristotle also emphasizes the importance of reason in the practice of virtue. Virtue isn’t just a matter of habit but requires a rational understanding of what is good and just. This means we must reflect on our actions and decisions and be willing to correct ourselves when we stray from the virtuous path.
Aristotle’s legacy and virtue in modern times
As we saw, Aristotle left us an invaluable guide to living a full and meaningful life. Being virtuous, according to him, isn’t just following a set of moral rules but cultivating a constant disposition to do good. Virtue is a practice, a way of life that requires effort, reflection, and, above all, balance.
In our modern society, where material success and competition are often celebrated, Aristotle’s teachings remind us of the importance of ethical life. True happiness isn’t found in accumulating wealth or chasing fleeting pleasures, but in realizing our highest human capacities. By seeking the meaning in our actions and committing to the well-being of the community, we can aspire to a truly virtuous life and, ultimately, achieve eudaimonia.
In summary, Aristotle’s virtue refers to a continuous journey towards moral excellence, a journey that benefits not only ourselves but also those around us. In an increasingly interconnected and complex world, his vision of virtue as balance, rationality, and community remains as relevant as ever. So, the next time you face a tough decision, ask yourself: What would a modern Aristotle do? And remember, the answer probably involves finding the golden mean.
If you are interested in this type of topics, you can also visit: The platonic conception of love
References
Savater, F. (2008). La aventura de pensar. Random House Mondadori. Barcelona.